Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41661369›Full record

ReviewCurrent hypertension reports2026

Insomnia and Hypertension: Importance of Objective Phenotyping and Comorbidity with Sleep Apnea.

Nikolaos Athanasiou, Alexandros N Vgontzas, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current hypertension reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nikolaos AthanasiouPenn State Health Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Alexandros N VgontzasPenn State Health Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Julio Fernandez-MendozaPenn State Health Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. jfernandezmendoza@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewProvide a synthesis of research from the past five years examining the relationship between insomnia, its phenotypes, and comorbidity with sleep apnea (COMISA), with hypertension. Offer a critical evaluation of current evidence and outline future research directions. RECENT

findingsMeta-analytic evidence indicates that the risk of hypertension is higher in patients with insomnia disorder compared to those with insomnia symptoms, with the highest risk observed in the insomnia with objective short sleep duration phenotype. COMISA appears to further amplify this risk, although the evidence is limited to individual studies with no meta-analyses available. There is a clear need for clinical trials to confirm these associations and guide the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Insomnia should be part of the diagnostic assessment of patients with hypertension. Objective sleep duration can serve as a biomarker, alongside respiratory indices, to guide therapeutic decision-making and optimize patient management.

Indexed as

HypertensionSleep Apnea SyndromesSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersBlood PressureComorbidityHumansPhenotypeRisk FactorsSleep DurationCOMISAElevated blood pressureHypertensionInsomniaPhenotypesSleep apnea

Identifiers

PMID41661369
PMCPMC12886293

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.