Evidence mapPaperPMID 41661379Full record

ReviewWorld journal of microbiology & biotechnology2026

Molecular basis of ampicillin resistance: combinatorial mechanisms and future strategies.

Osman Türkyılmaz, Cihan Darcan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Osman TürkyılmazBiotechnology Application & Research Centre, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey. osman.turkyilmaz@bilecik.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-9439
Cihan DarcanDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-3774

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Due to the increasing antibiotic resistance profile, the efficacy of ampicillin – one of the main treatment options in clinical practice for many years – has markedly declined. Understanding the molecular processes that reduce the effectiveness of this antibiotic is crucial for optimizing current treatment protocols and designing new drugs that are less susceptible to resistance. This review examines the molecular basis of ampicillin resistance from a multilayered perspective, providing a comprehensive analysis of how processes such as β-lactamase production, alterations in penicillin-binding proteins, porin modifications, efflux pump activation, and synergistic combinations of these mechanisms contribute to ampicillin resistance according to current literature. Furthermore, we discuss how different resistance mechanisms collectively establish a coordinated resistance matrix. Finally, we evaluate how these mechanistic insights can inform the development of next-generation therapeutic strategies to overcome ampicillin resistance and assess the future therapeutic potential of multi-targeted approaches.

Indexed as

AmpicillinAmpicillin ResistanceAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial Proteinsbeta Lactam Antibioticsbeta-LactamasesHumansPenicillin-Binding ProteinsPorinsAmpicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Proteinsbeta Lactam Antibioticsbeta-LactamasesPenicillin-Binding ProteinsPorinsAmpicillinMechanismsResistanceβ-lactamase

Identifiers

PMID41661379
PMCPMC12886211

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.