Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41661489›Full record

ReviewCurrent psychiatry reports2026

Experimental Research on Schema Modes: Guidelines and Research Agenda.

Julie Krans, Samuel Hilgefort, Jill Lobbestael

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current psychiatry reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Julie KransBehavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-3115
Samuel HilgefortFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Jill LobbestaelFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. jill.lobbestael@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewSchema therapy is an evidence-based treatment for personality disorders (PDs), with 'schema modes' being a core theoretical and clinical concept. Despite their centrality, empirical research into the mechanisms of schema mode activation remains limited. This paper reviews the available research on schema mode activation and provides methodological guidelines and a research agenda to stimulate experimental research on schema modes. RECENT

findingsWe identified five published studies that experimentally induced schema modes using a variety of procedures (e.g., stress interviews, film clips, and art/drama therapy), showing diverse but generally significant effects on mode activation. Their findings underscore the need for validated and replicable experimental paradigms, as effects were highly dependent on sample characteristics, procedure-specific variability, and discrepancies between therapist- and patient ratings of schema mode activation. Building on insights from emotion induction research, we propose two procedures for experimental schema mode induction: guided autobiographical recall/scripted imagery and stimulus-based experimental triggers. We outline best practices, challenges, and recommendations for designing and validating such procedures. A future research agenda is presented, focusing on identifying conditions that activate schema modes and examining their effects on information processing and behavior. By developing validated experimental tools and adopting open science practices, we aim to stimulate further experimental research to empirically test schema therapy's theoretical premises and clarify the role of schema modes in PDs.

Indexed as

Personality DisordersPsychotherapyHumansEmotion inductionExperimentalPersonality disordersSchema modesSchema therapy

Identifiers

PMID41661489
PMCPMC12886249

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.