ReviewUrologie (Heidelberg, Germany)2026
[Treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer].
Review in Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundNon-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by high rates of recurrence and progression, particularly in high-risk disease. Despite transurethral resection and adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, a need for more effective bladder-preserving treatment strategies remains.
objectiveThe aim of this review is to describe the current therapeutic landscape of NMIBC and to critically evaluate the evidence for novel treatment approaches, particularly in BCG-naïve high-risk NMIBC and in BCG-refractory tumors, as several novel intravesical and systemic therapies have been approved for these entities in the United States.
methodsThis review summarizes current guideline recommendations, phase III trials investigating combinations of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors with BCG in BCG-naïve patients, and emerging treatment strategies for BCG-refractory NMIBC.
resultsIn BCG-naïve high-risk NMIBC, phase III trials evaluating durvalumab or sasanlimab in combination with BCG have demonstrated a significant improvement in disease- or event-free survival compared to BCG monotherapy. Regulatory approval in Europe is anticipated. For patients with BCG-refractory disease, several novel intravesical and systemic therapies have been approved in the United States, enabling bladder-preserving treatment approaches. However, approval in Europe appears unlikely, and radical cystectomy is therefore expected to remain the standard of care in this disease setting. In parallel, innovative therapeutic approaches, including gene therapies, oncolytic viruses, and novel drug-delivery systems, are currently under clinical investigation.
conclusionThe therapeutic landscape of NMIBC is undergoing rapid evolution. Combination strategies and novel intravesical therapies have the potential to expand the role of BCG to reduce recurrence and progression rates and further establish bladder-preserving treatment paradigms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41663606What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.