Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41663962›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026

Burden of adverse transplant outcomes in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 and invasive fungal infections: a retrospective cohort study.

Lucy X Li, Jiashu Xue, Teresa Po-Yu Chiang, Sean X Zhang, John W Baddley, Shmuel Shoham, Daniel C Brennan, Kieren A Marr, Christine M Durand, Robin K Avery and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lucy X Li *Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. lli101@jh.edu.
Jiashu Xue *Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Teresa Po-Yu ChiangDepartment of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sean X ZhangDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
John W BaddleyDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Shmuel ShohamDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Daniel C BrennanDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kieren A MarrDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Christine M DurandDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Robin K AveryDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
William A WerbelDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nitipong PermpalungDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

RESEARCH TRAINING IN MICROBIAL DISEASEST32AI007291 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI JOEL N BLANKSON, Sara Elizabeth Cosgrove · 1986 to 2026
$9.1M
Impact of Spatial and Social Determinants on Invasive Fungal Infection RiskK08AI193077 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Lucy Li · 2025 to 2026
$395k
NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI193077NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007291
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFI) are a serious complication in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), leading to increased mortality and allograft failure. Common respiratory viral infections, such as COVID-19, are associated with IFIs, which might compound adverse transplant outcomes.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study examined adult KTRs transplanted at Johns Hopkins from 2012 to 2018 with follow up through 2023. The association of COVID-19 hospitalization and IFI exposure with all-cause graft loss (ACGL) was assessed using a stochastic extension stratification method followed by Cox regression.

resultsOf 1453 KTRs, 440 experienced at least one COVID-19-associated hospitalization. COVID-19 hospitalization was associated with a 2.54-times greater risk of ACGL (95% CI, 1.78–4.31, p < 0.001) compared to matched KTRs without COVID-19-associated hospitalization. Of 16 KTRs with COVID-19- and IFI-associated hospitalizations, the risk of ACGL was 6.47-times higher (95% CI 1.53–27.26, p = 0.010) as compared to matched KTRs with COVID-19-associated hospitalization, alone. COVID-19-associated hospitalization increased risk of ACGL, which was further elevated in those with a history of IFI.

conclusionsThese results highlight the continued need for preventative measures, particularly targeted against SARS-CoV2, to improve transplant outcomes in this high-risk population.

Indexed as

COVID-19Invasive Fungal InfectionsKidney TransplantationTransplant RecipientsAdultFemaleGraft RejectionHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19Invasive fungal infectionKidney transplantationSARS-CoV2

Identifiers

PMID41663962
PMCPMC12983512

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.