ArticleJournal of addiction medicine2026
Antecedents of Fentanyl Coinvolvement in Deaths Attributed to Stimulant Poisoning in San Francisco, CA.
Article in Journal of addiction medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesDeaths attributed to stimulants in the United States are largely driven by fentanyl coinvolvement. We sought to compare antecedents of acute stimulant deaths involving fentanyl to those that do not involve opioids.
methodsWe analyzed data from 31 fentanyl-stimulant and 70 stimulant-no-opioid decedents in a psychological autopsy study in San Francisco, CA. We used Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression to identify variables potentially associated with coinvolvement of fentanyl in death. We included 36 variables (sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, medical history, and circumstances surrounding death) from medical examiner reports, informant interviews, and medical records. We conducted multivariable logistic regression using variables selected by the LASSO model to assess associations with coinvolvement of fentanyl in death.
resultsPast-year fentanyl use and opioid-related emergency department visits in the 3 years before death were associated with higher odds of fentanyl involvement in death [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.16-8.29, P = 0.02 and aOR = 4.62, 95% CI: 1.03-20.66, P = 0.045, respectively]. Having a cardiac condition (from medical history, autopsy, or informant report) was associated with lower odds of fentanyl involvement in death (aOR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.46, P < 0.002).
conclusionsOur findings add to existing evidence that fentanyl-stimulant deaths are markedly different than stimulant-no-opioid deaths. The association of opioid-related emergency department history with fentanyl involvement in death reinforces a potential touch point for overdose prevention efforts (eg, naloxone, medications for opioid use disorder). Our finding of cardiac conditions being associated with lower odds of fentanyl involvement in death supports the hypothesis that stimulant-no-opioid deaths may be driven by cardiovascular conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.