Evidence mapPaperPMID 41664633Full record

ArticleActa oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)2026

Antibiotic treatment indicates shorter survival in patients with immunotherapy for metastatic kidney cancer.

Elisa Kankkunen, Kaisa Sunela Sunela, Timo Makkonen Makkonen, Katriina Jalkanen Jalkanen, Kalle Mattila

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Article in Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Elisa KankkunenDepartment of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-8871-6323
Kaisa Sunela SunelaDepartment of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-2639-5448
Timo Makkonen MakkonenComprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-7195-5934
Katriina Jalkanen JalkanenComprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-3007-193X
Kalle MattilaComprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9688-9187

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeAntibiotic treatment (ABT) has been associated with worse outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. However, this association might be confounded by other poor prognostic factors. We aimed to evaluate the use of ABT and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic kidney cancer (mRCC). Patient/material and methods: We identified retrospectively 192 patients treated with ICI for mRCC between 2015 and 2021 at three academic hospitals in Finland. Information on patient characteristics, ABT, and immunotherapy was collected from electronic medical records. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods were used for survival analyses.

resultsA total of 61 (32%) patients had received early ABT (3 months before and 1 month after the first dose of ICI), of whom 31 (51%) had ABT > 7 days. Patients with early ABT had shorter median overall survival (mOS) than patients without early ABT (20.4 vs 27.9 months, p = 0.046). Patients with ABT > 7 days had shorter mOS than patients with ABT 0-7 days (17.2 vs 27.5 months, p = 0.015). After adjustment for International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk groups, histological renal cell carcinoma subtype, baseline levels of C-reactive protein, and tumor burden, the risk of death was higher in patients with ABT > 7 days (hazard ratio 1.83 (95% confidence interval 1.06-3.17). No significant differences in progression-free survival times (PFS) were observed.

interpretationEarly ABT and prolonged ABT duration were associated with shorter OS, but not with PFS, in patients treated with ICI for mRCC. Prolonged ABT indicated poor prognosis regardless of other risk factors.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCarcinoma, Renal CellImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyKidney NeoplasmsAgedFemaleFinlandHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesSurvival RateAnti-Bacterial AgentsImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41664633
PMCPMC12902910

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.