Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41665229›Full record

ArticleClinical and translational gastroenterology2026

Dairy Intake and Risk of Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease in US Men and Women.

Alexa N Sasson, Kevin Casey, Emily W Lopes, Kristin E Burke, Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan, James Richter, Andrew T Chan, Hamed Khalili

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical and translational gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alexa N SassonDivision of Gastroenterology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8996-0483
Kevin CaseyDivision of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Emily W LopesDivision of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kristin E BurkeDivision of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ashwin N AnanthakrishnanDivision of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
James RichterDivision of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Andrew T ChanDivision of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Hamed KhaliliDivision of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Funding

Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in WomenU01CA176726 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2018 to 2025
$22.4M
Long Term Multidisciplinary Study of Cancer in Women: The Nurses Health StudyUM1CA186107 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, STAMPFER, MEIR · 2014 to 2023
$22.3M
Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health ProfessionalsU01CA167552 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Lorelei Mucci, Walter C. Willett · 2017 to 2026
$17.0M
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA167552NCI NIH HHS U01 CA176726NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA186107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDairy consumption has been linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. We aimed to examine the association between dairy intake and risk of incident inflammatory bowel disease.

methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 197,763 participants without a baseline diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in 1986 in Nurses' Health Study, 1991 in Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), and 1986 in Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Data on dairy intake were collected every 2-4 years using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and modeled according to quintiles for total intake and quartiles for components of dairy. We used Cox proportional hazard modeling to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs.

resultsThrough the end of follow-up in 2016 in Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and 2017 in Nurses' Health Study II, we documented 347 Crohn's disease cases and 428 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC). In our primary analysis, we observed an inverse association between baseline dairy intake (P trend = 0.04) and risk of UC (adjusted hazard ratio of 0.72 [95% CI 0.52-1.00 comparing extremes of quintiles]). Among dairy components, baseline yogurt consumption (hazard ratio = 0.70; 95%CI 0.5-0.99; P trend = 0.05) was most strongly associated with decreased risk of UC. There was no consistent association between dairy intake and risk of Crohn's disease. DISCUSSION: In 3 large prospective cohort studies, we observed a suggestive inverse association between baseline dairy intake, particularly from yogurt, and risk of UC. Future studies are needed to confirm these results.

Indexed as

Colitis, UlcerativeCrohn DiseaseDairy ProductsAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsUnited StatesYogurtCrohn's diseasedairyepidemiologyinflammatory bowel diseaseulcerative colitis

Identifiers

PMID41665229
PMCPMC13102417

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.