ReviewCell and tissue banking2026
Engineered exosomes for targeted bone regeneration: design, delivery, and functionalization.
Review in Cell and tissue banking, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exercise‑induced exosomal noncoding RNAs: Molecular signaling cascades in bone remodeling and translational applications in sports‑related bone injuries (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Smart and stimuli-responsive hydrogels for controlled exosome delivery in bone tissue engineering: from passive carriers to intelligent therapeutic platforms.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Review
- The Role of Exosomes in Bone Metastasis and Bone Tissue Engineering: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Bone-Targeting Microspheres Enable Sustained Release of CD301bTheranostics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bone regeneration remains a major clinical challenge due to the limited healing capacity of large bone defects and the limitations of conventional grafting or cell-based therapies. Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by diverse cell types, have emerged as promising cell-free mediators of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. However, the therapeutic efficacy of native exosomes is constrained by low yield, rapid clearance, and limited targeting. Because effective bone regeneration is inherently multi-factorial-requiring biomechanical stability, vascularization, and an instructive ECM and cellular microenvironment-engineered exosomes should be regarded as enabling components within integrated regenerative systems rather than a standalone solution. Recent advances in engineered exosomes (EExos) have opened new frontiers in bone tissue regeneration by enabling precise design, biofunctionalization, and targeted delivery. Engineering strategies-ranging from genetic modification of donor cells to chemical conjugation, hybrid nanocarrier formation, and controlled cargo loading-have been employed to enhance the osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential of exosomes. Furthermore, incorporation of EExos into smart delivery systems, such as hydrogel scaffolds, 3D-printed matrices, and bone-targeting ligands, offers sustained release and localized therapeutic effects within the bone microenvironment. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest developments in the design, delivery, and functional optimization of EExos for bone regeneration. Mechanistic insights into their roles in promoting bone remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune modulation are discussed alongside current translational progress, manufacturing challenges, and regulatory considerations. Finally, emerging directions-such as AI-assisted exosome engineering, CRISPR-based programming, and bioprinting-integrated therapies-are highlighted as transformative pathways toward personalized and clinically translatable bone regenerative medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41665736What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.