Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41665829›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026

Radiation immunodynamics: association of baseline and longitudinal cytokine levels during radiotherapy in glioblastoma with survival.

Sushant Puri, Lindsey Sloan, Michele Doucet, Lisa Katulis, Kristin Redmond, Harry Quon, Christopher Jackson, Michael Lim, Drew Pardoll, Charles Eberhart and 4 more

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sushant Puri *Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Lindsey Sloan *Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Michele DoucetThe Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lisa KatulisDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kristin RedmondDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Harry QuonDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Christopher JacksonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Michael LimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Drew PardollThe Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Charles EberhartDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Christopher ThoburnThe Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sudipto Ganguly *The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Peng Huang *Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lawrence R Kleinberg *Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA. kleinla@jhmi.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA critical challenge in therapies for glioblastoma is systemic immunosuppression which is associated with poor response to therapies and thus correlated with worse outcomes. In this study we assess whether immune cytokines at baseline after diagnosis and during therapy are associated with outcome and may serve as an early biomarker predictive of treatment outcome.

methodsPatients were enrolled in a prospective, single institution, immune surveillance study. Peripheral blood was collected prior to initiating treatments and weekly during concurrent radiation and chemotherapy. Cytokine levels were measured from plasma samples isolated from peripheral blood. The cytokines were categorized as proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Baseline levels and dynamic changes in the levels of cytokines were analyzed for association with survival.

results15 patients and 8 healthy controls were enrolled. At baseline, a majority immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10, M-CSF, BTLA, PD-L1, LAG-3, PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3) were elevated. The only proinflammatory cytokines associated with survival were IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-12p70 (according to the ANOVA analysis (p < 0.05)). A dynamic increase in the levels of a select proinflammatory cytokines at end of radiation (IL-34, and IL-12 p70) was associated with poor survival as was increased MCP-1 in those with unmethylated glioblastoma. No association between outcomes and dynamic changes in remaining proinflammatory cytokines or any of the immunosuppressive cytokines was noted.

conclusionsIn this exploratory study, our data suggests that in patients with glioblastoma, measurements of plasma cytokines at diagnosis may predict outcomes. In addition, the dynamic changes in the cytokine levels could similarly serve as a biomarker guiding treatments. Future studies integrating clinical and patient specific immunological variables are required.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsCytokinesGlioblastomaAdultAgedFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesCytokinesChemoradiotherapyGlioblastomaImmunosuppressionPlasma cytokinesRadiation therapy

Identifiers

PMID41665829

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.