Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41666869›Full record

ReviewNeurospine2026

The Biomechanical Landscape of Lumbar Disc Herniation: Mechanobiological Insights Into Injury and Regeneration.

Gianluca Vadala, Fabrizio Russo, In-Ho Han, Amit Jain, Javad Tavakoli, AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurospine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gianluca VadalaLaboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
Fabrizio RussoResearch Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
In-Ho HanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Amit JainDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Javad TavakoliDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveLumbar disc herniation is among the most common and disabling spinal disorders, driven by the interplay of mechanical overload, structural failure, and cellular dysfunction. Despite advances in surgical interventions, achieving true biological repair of herniated discs remains a major clinical challenge. This review aims to critically examine the biomechanical landscape of disc herniation, focusing on how altered load transmission, tissue stiffness, and structural disruption influence cellular behavior and tissue regeneration. It further explores mechanobiological mechanisms governing repair and highlights emerging biomimetic models and technologies that integrate mechanical and biological insights to promote functional disc restoration.

methodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and ScienceDirect databases. The search was limited to peer-reviewed journal articles published in English and focused on studies related to lumbar disc herniation.

resultsWhile decades of research have elucidated the biomechanical factors contributing to disc herniation, recent advances in mechanobiology have uncovered how mechanical cues influence cellular behavior, tissue repair, and degeneration. Evidence suggests that true disc regeneration cannot be achieved through biological replacement or mechanical stabilization alone; rather, it requires restoring functional biomechanics, specifically, the disc's ability to sense, adapt to, and sustain physiological loading.

conclusionViewing disc herniation through a mechanobiological lens offers new opportunities to develop targeted therapies aimed at restoring both tissue integrity and load-bearing functionality, paving the way for more effective regenerative interventions.

Indexed as

BiomechanicsHerniationIntervertebral discLumbar spineMechanobiologyRegeneration

Identifiers

PMID41666869
PMCPMC12890390

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.