Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41667153›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of sports medicine2026

Clinical importance of simple muscular fitness tests to predict long-term health conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 94 cohort studies.

Nuria Marín-Jiménez, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni, Pablo Molina-Garcia, Francisco B Ortega, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Kai Zhang, Justin J Lang, Ryan McGrath, Grant R Tomkinson, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Nuria Marín-Jiménez *Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, University of Cadiz Faculty of Education Sciences, Cadiz, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-7554
Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni *Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden bruno.bizzozero.peroni@ki.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-5561
Pablo Molina-GarciaInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6888-0997
Francisco B OrtegaDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-1121
Jean-Philippe ChaputHealthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-5736
Kai ZhangHealthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Justin J LangHealthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-319X
Ryan McGrathAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-5524
Grant R TomkinsonAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-9670
Vicente Martínez-VizcaínoHealth and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-7893
Magdalena Cuenca-GarcíaDepartment of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, University of Cadiz Faculty of Education Sciences, Cadiz, Spain.
Jose Castro-PiñeroDepartment of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, University of Cadiz Faculty of Education Sciences, Cadiz, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-0382

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the predictive validity of field-based muscular strength tests in relation to incident long-term health conditions among adults.

designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, CINAHL, Epistemonikos and Google Scholar. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Cohort studies examining the predictive value of validated and/or reliable field-based muscular strength tests in relation to long-term health conditions in adults aged ≥18 years.

resultsA total of 155 studies were included with 94 included in the meta-analysis. Adults with the highest (vs lowest) handgrip strength levels had a lower risk of multiple long-term health conditions (all p<0.05), including cardiovascular diseases (OR=0.73; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.80), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=0.79; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.91), musculoskeletal impairment (OR=0.65; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.76), disability (OR=0.57; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.70), anxiety (OR=0.79; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.99), depression (OR=0.70; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.78), cognitive decline (OR=0.57; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.75), dementia (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.73) and Parkinson's disease (OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.91). A 5 kg increase in handgrip strength was associated with a lower risk of developing most of these long-term health conditions. In turn, adults with the best (vs worst) performance on the 5-repetition chair-stand test had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=0.80; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.88), musculoskeletal impairment (OR=0.52; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.74), disability (OR=0.58; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.82), depression (OR=0.63; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.95), and dementia (OR=0.68; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85). Every 1 s decrease was associated with 0.94 lower odds of musculoskeletal impairment. The overall quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, indicating limited to moderate confidence in the results.

conclusionsOur findings suggest increased handgrip strength and chair-stand test performance are associated with a lower risk of multiple long-term health conditions among adults. This research underscores the predictive value of simple field-based muscular strength tests which appear to be clinically useful for adults across different age groups and demographic profiles.

Indexed as

Exercise TestMuscle StrengthPhysical FitnessCardiovascular DiseasesChronic DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hand StrengthHumansMusculoskeletal DiseasesPredictive Value of TestsEpidemiologyHealthPhysical fitnessPrimary Health CarePublic health

Identifiers

PMID41667153
PMCPMC13018823

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.