Observational studyBMJ open2026
Understanding patient experience during Lokomat rehabilitation in children and adolescents: a clinical observational study combining self-evaluation and physiological metrics.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05767268 (Assessment of the Psychophysical State During Rehabilitation Treatment With Lokomat), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of the Psychophysical State During Rehabilitation Treatment With Lokomat
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Multimodal engagement estimation in paediatric robot-assisted gait training: integrating physiological sensing and biomechanical interaction.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the emotional, cognitive and dispositional experience of children and adolescents undergoing Lokomat rehabilitation by integrating self-evaluation, therapist observations and physiological metrics across repeated sessions, with the aim of characterising how patient experience evolves throughout paediatric robot-assisted gait training.
designProspective observational study using a multidimensional assessment approach combining self-report, therapist ratings and physiological measures.
settingInpatients undergoing robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) with the Lokomat at the Scientific Institute Eugenio Medea in Bosisio Parini (Italy).
participants42 children and adolescents (N=42; mean age 11.66±5.59 years) undergoing RAGT.
interventionsRobot-assisted gait therapy with the Lokomat. Participants underwent 30-minute therapy sessions as per routine rehabilitation protocols, with treatment durations ranging from 15 to 20 sessions, as prescribed by their referring clinician. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed ad-hoc questionnaires about emotional, cognitive and dispositional factors before and after therapy; therapists provided structured assessments of patient engagement and psychological states. Physiological data, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal activity (EDA), were recorded using wearable sensors to capture physiological correlates of emotional and cognitive engagement.
resultsThe results showed that by the end of Lokomat therapy, patients displayed increased cognitive engagement and better emotional regulation, along with higher vagal activity (normalised high-frequency) and increased phasic EDA responses. According to the therapists, patients appeared more confident, calm and cooperative. Sympathetic activation observed during satisfaction ratings reflected the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in positive emotional experiences.
conclusionsThis study, therefore, emphasises a multidimensional approach to rehabilitation, which involves subjective patient self-assessments, therapist observations and physiological signals in an effort to capture a more comprehensive patient experience. The findings highlight the importance of personalised, patient-centred approaches and contribute new evidence on the psychological and physiological effects of RAGT in paediatric populations. Further research is warranted to confirm these results and explore their clinical implications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05767268.
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