Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41667448›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Virus glycoprotein nanodisc platform for vaccine analytics.

Kimmo Rantalainen, Alessia Liguori, Gabriel Ozorowski, Claudia Flynn, Jon M Steichen, Olivia M Swanson, Patrick J Madden, Sabyasachi Baboo, Swastik Phulera, Anant Gharpure and 23 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Priming of Multiple HIV Neutralizing B Cell Precursors in Humans.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Structural basis of membrane engagement and polyreactivity control in HIV-1 MPER broadly neutralizing antibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Kimmo RantalainenDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3158-9183
Alessia LiguoriDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Gabriel OzorowskiConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9695-8138
Claudia FlynnDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jon M SteichenDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4586-3251
Olivia M SwansonDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8162-8358
Patrick J MaddenConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4527-5692
Sabyasachi BabooDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4547-5160
Swastik PhuleraDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1272-7712
Anant GharpureDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Danny LuDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2340-3377
Oleksandr KalyuzhniyDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5273-1951
Patrick SkogDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sierra TeradaDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-1152-8630
Monolina ShilConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jolene K DiedrichDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Erik GeorgesonDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5137-4625
Ryan TingleDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Saman EskandarzadehDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Wen-Hsin LeeDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9445-6671
Nushin AlaviDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3848-6280
Diana GoodwinDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Michael KubitzDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sonya AmirzehniDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sunny HimansuModerna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7954-9674
Devin SokDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jeong Hyun LeeDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
John R YatesDepartment of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5267-1672
James C PaulsonDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4589-5322
Shane CrottyConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6484-6262
Torben SchiffnerDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. torbens@scripps.edu.
Andrew B WardConsortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. andrew@scripps.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-7153-3769
William R SchiefDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. schief@scripps.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1120-0150

Funding

Identification of neutralizing epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike for design of vaccines and small-molecule antiviralsUM1AI144462 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI BURTON, DENNIS R. · 2019 to 2025
$201.6M
Design and testing of immunogens to elicit 10E8-like broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIVR01AI147826 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI SCHIFFNER, TORBEN · 2019 to 2025
$8.0M
Advancing HIV Vaccine Development with a Lipid Nanodisc PlatformR56AI192143 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI RANTALAINEN, KIMMO ILMARI · 2025 to 2025
$911k
Development of soluble and membrane bound immunogens to shepherd HIV-1 MPER specific BCR maturationF31AI179426 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI Olivia Swanson · 2024 to 2026
$107k
Gates Foundation INV-002916Gates Foundation INV-007522Gates Foundation INV-008813NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI179426NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI147826NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI192143NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI144462U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 5F31AI179426-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transmembrane glycoproteins of enveloped viruses are targets of neutralizing antibodies and essential vaccine antigens. mRNA-LNP technology allows in vivo expression of transmembrane glycoproteins, but in vitro biophysical characterization of transmembrane antigens and analysis of post-immunization antibody responses typically rely on soluble proteins. Here, we present a platform for assembling transmembrane glycoprotein vaccine candidates into lipid nanodiscs. We demonstrate the utility of nanodiscs in HIV membrane proximal external region (MPER)-targeting vaccine development by binding assays using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ex vivo B cell sorting with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and by determining the structure of a prototypical HIV MPER-targeting immunogen nanodisc in complex with three broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), including MPER bnAb 10E8, to 3.5 Å by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), providing a template for structure-based immunogen design. To demonstrate general applicability we characterize Ebola virus glycoprotein nanodiscs. Overall, the platform offers a tool for accelerating development of next-generation vaccines.

Indexed as

AIDS VaccinesGlycoproteinsNanostructuresViral Envelope ProteinsAntibodies, NeutralizingCryoelectron MicroscopyEbolavirusFlow CytometryHIV-1HumansSurface Plasmon ResonanceAIDS VaccinesAntibodies, NeutralizingGlycoproteinsViral Envelope Proteins

Identifiers

PMID41667448
PMCPMC13000230

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.