ArticleScientific reports2026
Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with blood pressure in first-episode, treatment-naïve patients with depression: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common comorbidities in patients with depression, but their associations with blood pressure (BP) have not been well characterized in treatment-naïve patients. The objective of this cross-sectional investigation was to examine potential associations among depressive symptoms (HAMD-17), anxiety symptoms (HAMA), and blood pressure in first-episode, treatment-naïve (FETN) patients with depression. A total of 1,718 FETN patients with depression participated in this cross-sectional investigation. Depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), while anxiety symptoms were evaluated via the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) served as outcome variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for evaluate the relationships among HAMD, HAMA, as well as blood pressure, adjusting to control for demographic characteristics and clinical variables. Participants' average age measured 34.87 ± 12.43 years, and 65.77% were] female. Mean HAMD-17 and HAMA scores were 30.30 ± 2.94 and 20.80 ± 3.47, respectively. Mean SBP and DBP were 119.48 ± 10.91 mmHg and 75.95 ± 6.74 mmHg, respectively. In the fully adjusted model including both variables simultaneously, HAMD-17 remained significantly correlated with both SBP (β = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98, p < 0.001) as well as DBP (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.49, p < 0.001). HAMA showed no significant association regarding SBP (β = 0.13, 95% CI: - 0.02, 0.28, p = 0.079) while remained significantly associated for DBP (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.26, p = 0.006). Among FETN patients presenting depression, depressive symptoms were independently correlated with SBP as well as DBP, while anxiety symptoms demonstrated a significant association only with DBP. These findings suggest that depressive and anxiety symptoms may have distinct associations with cardiovascular parameters in patients with depression.
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