ArticleScientific reports2026
Effect of divergent residual feed intake on the fecal microbiota in fattening Hanwoo steers.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used indicator of feed efficiency in cattle; however, its relationship with the fecal microbiota of Hanwoo, a Korean native cattle breed, has not yet been explored. This study aimed to examine the fecal microbiota composition of Hanwoo steers exhibiting divergent RFI at the fattening stage. Sixty-three Hanwoo steers were raised under the same dietary and environmental conditions and fed a total mixed ration. A 78-day feeding trial was conducted (from 19 to 21 months of age), during which growth performance was evaluated. Steers were ranked by RFI, and those with RFI values < − 0.6 or > 0.6 were selected to represent two extreme RFI phenotypes: low RFI (L-RFI; efficient; −0.96 ± 0.14, n = 6) and high RFI (H-RFI; inefficient; 0.96 ± 0.48, n = 5). Fecal samples were collected from both L-RFI and H-RFI steers at the end of the feeding trial for metataxonomic analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the QIIME2 pipeline. Average daily gain (ADG) and body weight were similar between the two groups, but dry matter intake (DMI) and RFI values were significantly higher in H-RFI steers. Bacterial alpha- or beta-diversity did not differ significantly between the two RFI groups. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) coupled with Effect Size measurements (LEfSe) revealed that the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and its representative genus Akkermansia were the most abundant in the L-RFI group (LDA score > 2, P < 0.05). In contrast, the genera Acetitomaculum and Kandleria were the most abundant in the H-RFI group (LDA score > 2, P < 0.05). Functional analysis based on PICRUSt2 predictions revealed that H-RFI steers had higher abundances of genes associated with carbohydrate utilization and amino acid biosynthesis compared to L-RFI steers (LDA score > 2, P < 0.05). The findings of this study demonstrate that feed efficiency is associated with the fecal microbial composition and functional features in Hanwoo steers, highlighting the importance of microbial characteristics in nutrient utilization and production efficiency.
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