Evidence mapPaperPMID 41668058Full record

ArticleLipids in health and disease2026

Machine learning evaluation of the discriminative ability of Castelli Risk Index-I and other non-traditional lipid indices for sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study based on CHARLS.

Baidi Xu, Huailong Sun, Zimeng Zhang, Guoqiang Wu, Wenming Hong, Fang Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Baidi Xu *School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Huailong Sun *School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Zimeng ZhangSchool of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Guoqiang WuSchool of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Wenming HongDepartment of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. hongwenming@ahmu.edu.cn.
Fang ZhangSchool of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. 2009500029@ahmu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Youth Foundation of China 82003795
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSarcopenia is a syndrome that occurs in older adults, marked by progressive deterioration in muscle mass, strength, and/or functional capacity. Abnormal lipid metabolism has been associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia, but evidence regarding the association between the Castelli Risk Index-I (CRI-I) and sarcopenia is still insufficient. The research was designed to assess the association between CRI-I and sarcopenia status among the Chinese population and to determine its incremental discriminative value within a machine learning model.

methodsThis research utilized information from the 2011 CHARLS survey wave. CRI-I was categorized into quartiles and its association with sarcopenia was evaluated through logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Seven candidate models were developed using the 2011 data, and the optimal model was identified, followed by temporal external validation with the 2015 CHARLS wave. To assess the additional discriminative value of CRI-I, we evaluated model performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, precision-recall curves (PRC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm was used to show the importance of each feature.

resultsA total of 1,332 individuals (15.1%) met the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. After full adjustment, higher CRI-I levels were associated with progressively lower odds of sarcopenia. RCS analysis further demonstrated that the association exhibited a non-linear pattern. Incorporating CRI-I into the optimal model improved discriminative performance. The model also demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility. Additionally, the SHAP algorithm was applied to calculate feature importance for the model’s estimated probability of having sarcopenia, which identified age as the most important feature, followed by CRI-I.

conclusionsCRI-I showed superior discriminative performance for sarcopenia compared with six other non-traditional lipid indices. Elevated CRI-I levels correlated with substantially reduced sarcopenia likelihood. Adding CRI-I to the model improved probability stratification and may help identify individuals more likely to have sarcopenia.

Indexed as

LipidsMachine LearningSarcopeniaAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLipid MetabolismLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsROC CurveLipidsCastelli Risk Index-ICHARLSMachine learningNon-traditional lipid indicesSarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID41668058
PMCPMC12980993

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.