Evidence mapPaperPMID 41668138Full record

ReviewImmunity & ageing : I & A2026

Respiratory virus immune response in the aged host.

Olivia B Parks, Anusha Kalavacharla, John V Williams

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Olivia B Parks *Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Anusha Kalavacharla *Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
John V WilliamsDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. jvwilliams2@wisc.edu.

Funding

TRAINING PROGRAM FOR MD/PHD STUDENTST32GM008208 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 1987 to 2005
$1.8M
Host Determinants of Human Metapneumovirus Immunity and PathogenesisR01AI085062 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2025 to 2025
$460k
Discovery of human metapneumovirus epitopesR21AI180460 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2025 to 2025
$233k
Age-dependent differences in the immune response to human metapneumovirusF30HL159915 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2025 to 2025
$55k
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AI085062NHLBI NIH HHS F30 HL159915NHLBI NIH HHS HL159915NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI085062NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI180460NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008208
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viruses are a major cause of acute respiratory illness in older adults and pose a substantial burden as the elderly population continues to grow. In the current COVID-19 global health crisis, achieving a better understanding of the aging immune system proves to be an imperative step in preventing and treating respiratory viral infections in older patients. Furthermore, many common respiratory viruses infecting older adults, including human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus, do not have licensed vaccines, thereby increasing the risk of severe infection in the aged host. Moreover, given the slowed immune response of older adults, vaccine efficacy for respiratory viruses such as influenza in older adults is minimal, indicating the need to develop more potent vaccines. A better understanding of the aging immune system would allow vaccines to target immunological deficits in the aged host. Three aspects of the aging immune system affect the response to respiratory viruses and vaccines: [1] innate immunity [2], the “inflammaging” hypothesis, and [3] the adaptive immune response. Several innate immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells) as well as adaptive immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) exhibit significant functional impairment in older adults. The inflammaging hypothesis bridges the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge and fill gaps in our understanding of the aged immune response to respiratory viruses.

Indexed as

Aged hostImmunityRespiratory viral infections

Identifiers

PMID41668138
PMCPMC12922206

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.