Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41668474›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Comparison of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ultra-rapid-acting insulin aspart and rapid-acting insulin aspart around continuous moderate intensity exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial.

Jason P Pitt, Alexander Müller, Chloe Nicholas, Olivia M McCarthy, Othmar Moser, Stephen C Bain, Harald Sourij, Richard M Bracken

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jason P PittApplied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-7666
Alexander MüllerCardiometabolic Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-4513
Chloe NicholasApplied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Olivia M McCarthyApplied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Othmar MoserCardiometabolic Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Stephen C BainSwansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-4964
Harald SourijCardiometabolic Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-9594
Richard M BrackenApplied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6986-6449

Funding

Novo Nordisk
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo compare the effects of dose reductions of ultra-rapid-acting insulin aspart (URA-IAsp) and rapid-acting insulin aspart (IAsp) on blood glucose concentrations during continuous moderate-intensity exercise in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this double-blind, laboratory-controlled study, 43 adults with T1D completed four experimental visits in a randomised crossover design. Participants injected a 50% or 75% reduced dose of URA-IAsp or IAsp with a standardised breakfast 60 min prior to 45 min of cycling at ~61% V̇O

resultsBlood glucose declined during exercise to a similar extent between 50% dose URA-IAsp (-4.0 ± 2.8 mmol L

conclusionsInsulin dose reductions around acute moderate-intensity exercise yield similar glucose-lowering effects with URA-IAsp and IAsp. The extent of dose reductions exerts greater influence on glycaemia than the type of fast-acting insulin.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1ExerciseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin AspartInsulin, Short-ActingAdultBlood GlucoseCross-Over StudiesDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin AspartInsulin, Short-Actingexerciseinsulin analoguespharmacodynamicspharmacokineticstype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41668474
PMCPMC12992166

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.