Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41668865›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Global trends, decomposition analysis, inequality assessment, and economic projections of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer.

Wenxuan Li, Yue Cong, Xinyu Liu, Zhangyan Lyu, Kexin Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Wenxuan LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Yue CongDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Xinyu LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Zhangyan LyuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Kexin ChenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center For Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This study analyzed global trends in incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and economic burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer from 1990 to 2021, focusing on regional and sex differences, with projections to 2050. Methods: Using joinpoint regression to assess temporal trends. Decomposition analysis quantified the effects of population growth, aging, and changes in disease fatality. Health inequalities were evaluated using the concentration index (CI), and the economic burden was estimated through a value of statistical life (VSL). Results: Globally, TBL cancer deaths increased from 1.08 million in 1990 to 2.02 million in 2021, and DALYs rose from 28.46 million to 46.54 million, with a sharper rise among females. Population growth (94.18%) and population aging (36.07%) were the major components to the observed increase in the global TBL cancer burden. East Asia accounted for over half of the global increase, with China contributing the largest national share. The global economic burden is projected to rise from $3.86 trillion in 2021 to $7.15 trillion by 2050. China's economic loss from TBL cancer is estimated to increase from $688 billion in 2021 to $2.49 trillion by 2050, surpassing the United States and reflecting the rapid escalation of burden in Asia. Conclusion: TBL cancer remains a major global health challenge, requiring urgent, region-specific action to reduce its growing impact.

Indexed as

Bronchial NeoplasmsCost of IllnessGlobal HealthHealth Status DisparitiesLung NeoplasmsTracheal NeoplasmsAdultAgedDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic Disparities in Healthbronchusdecomposed analysiseconomic burdenglobal disease burdenhealth inequalitylung cancertracheal

Identifiers

PMID41668865
PMCPMC12883795

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.