ArticleBiology of sport2026
Exploring the potential synergistic pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine on exercise performance: a placebo-balanced study.
Article in Biology of sport, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- No Detectable Effect of Caffeine Expectancy Induced by a Placebo Capsule on Time to Exhaustion at the Respiratory Compensation Point in Trained Cyclists.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Distinguishing caffeine expectancy from pharmacological effects: a comparative review of experimental designs with future directions.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Caffeine and human performance: from molecular mechanisms to exercise and recovery.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research specifically investigating the distinct pharmacological and expectancy effects of caffeine using the deceptive placebo-balanced design remains scarce and with contradictory results. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential synergy between the pharmacological and expectancy effects of caffeine on exercise performance by using a placebo-balanced design. Sixteen physically trained athletes (11 males and 5 females; 21.7 ± 5.0 yr) participated in a study with a deceptive protocol including four randomized conditions: placebo informed-placebo ingested (control); placebo informed-caffeine ingested (pharmacological effect); caffeine informed-placebo ingested (expectancy effect); and caffeine informed-caffeine ingested (combined effects). Sixty minutes after ingestion, participants performed a countermovement jump, a standing triple jump, a medicine ball throw and a 20-m running sprint test. Relative to control, the pharmacological effect trial increased standing triple jump distance (+2.1% p = 0.032; Cohen's
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.