Evidence mapPaperPMID 41669331Full record

ReviewTzu chi medical journal

Targeting large middle molecules: Clinical implications of expanded hemodialysis in hemodialysis care.

Chiu-Huang Kuo, Yu-Li Lin, Chi-Chong Tang, Bang-Gee Hsu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Tzu chi medical journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Chiu-Huang KuoDivision of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
Yu-Li LinDivision of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
Chi-Chong TangDivision of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
Bang-Gee HsuDivision of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) presents a major clinical burden, with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients facing high cardiovascular mortality and impaired quality of life (QoL). Despite advances from low-flux to high-flux HD and the introduction of hemodiafiltration (HDF), clearance of large middle molecules (LMMs >25 kDa) remains inadequate. These molecules contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, atherogenesis, and mineral-bone disorders, all of which worsen patient outcomes. Expanded hemodialysis (HDx), utilizing medium cutoff membranes, represents a novel approach that combines diffusion and enhanced internal convection to improve LMMs removal, without the need for substitution fluid. This review explores the limitations of conventional HD, the pathological roles of LMMs, and the evolution of dialysis strategies aimed at enhancing solute clearance. Evidence from observational studies, randomized trials, and meta-analyses shows that HDx improves the removal of inflammatory LMMs, reduces hospitalization burden, preserves residual kidney function, and enhances patient-reported outcomes such as recovery time and symptom relief. Furthermore, HDx offers a practical and cost-effective alternative to online HDF (OL-HDF), particularly in the resource-limited settings, achieving comparable efficacy with shorter sessions and lower blood flow requirements. By addressing the key shortcomings of traditional HD and approaching the solute clearance profile of the native kidney, HDx offers a promising advancement in the care of ESKD patients.

Indexed as

End-stage kidney diseaseExpanded hemodialysisHemodiafiltrationHemodialysisMedium cutoff membranes

Identifiers

PMID41669331
PMCPMC12885456

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.