Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41669583›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Features of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Respect to Dyslipidemia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Iqra Shareef, Ushaiqa Akbar, Marwah Usmani, Shireen Fatima, Fnu Inayatullah, Faisal Iqbal, Adnan Anwar, Muhammad Irfan, Atif A Hashmi

Abstract read
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Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Iqra ShareefMedicine, Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, Karachi, PAK.
Ushaiqa AkbarMedicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
Marwah UsmaniMedicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
Shireen FatimaMedicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
Fnu InayatullahMedicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
Faisal IqbalFamily Medicine, Islam Medical College, Sialkot, PAK.
Adnan AnwarPhysiology, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK.
Muhammad IrfanStatistics, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK.
Atif A HashmiPathology, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetes mellitus type 2 is frequently associated with dyslipidemia, which accelerates cardiovascular risk and worsens metabolic control. Understanding how clinical features differ between patients with diabetes with and without dyslipidemia is essential for early identification of high-risk individuals.

objectiveTo compare the clinical features of patients with type 2 diabetes who have dyslipidemia and those who do not, to identify any important differences in their health patterns.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted over six months (March-August 2024) at multiple secondary and primary care centers in Karachi, Pakistan, with ethical approval from Sindh Government Hospital, Malir (Approval No. 1477). A total of 340 patients aged 30-75 years were enrolled, divided equally into dyslipidemic (Group A) and non-dyslipidemic (Group B) groups. The chi-square test and an independent t-test were used to examine associations between categorical and continuous variables. Pearson's chi-square statistic, degrees of freedom, and p-values were obtained. Effect size was calculated using Cramer's V to determine the strength of association.

resultsThe dyslipidemia group showed distinct demographic patterns with male predominance (117 (68.8%), p < 0.001), higher smoking prevalence (45.3% vs 17.1%, p < 0.001), and lower physical activity levels (61.2% vs 73.5%, p = 0.015). These patients were significantly older (60.0 ± 15.85 vs 53.51 ± 14.40 years, p < 0.001) and had greater weight (72.05 ± 13.07 vs 66.90 ± 16.01 kg, p = 0.001). Clinical symptoms were more prevalent among dyslipidemic patients, including frequent urination (99 (58.2%) vs 46 (27.1%), p < 0.001), visual impairment (104 (61.2%) vs 72 (42.4%), p = 0.001), and blurred vision (78 (45.9%) vs 47 (27.6%), p < 0.001).

conclusionThis study concluded that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia had a higher prevalence of visual disturbances, urinary symptoms, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and other systemic complaints compared with non-dyslipidemic patients. Significant differences were observed in blurred vision, chest discomfort, increased thirst, fatigue, and mood changes.

Indexed as

clinical symptomsdiabetesdiabetes mellitusdiabetes treatmentdyslipidemia

Identifiers

PMID41669583
PMCPMC12885146

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.