Evidence mapPaperPMID 41669947Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2026

Lipoprotein(a), Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Disease in the UK Biobank.

Richard Kazibwe, Christopher L Schaich, Parag A Chevli, Jeff A Kingsley, Saeid Mirzai, Juliana H Namutebi, Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad, Anurag Mehta, Harpreet S Bhatia, Mitchell Paukner and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Richard KazibweDepartment of Internal Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7085-3373
Christopher L SchaichHypertension and Vascular Research Center Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5302-0828
Parag A ChevliDivision of Cardiology Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4084-8175
Jeff A KingsleyDivision of Cardiology Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4724-4788
Saeid MirzaiDivision of Cardiology Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2579-4965
Juliana H NamutebiWake Forest University School of Biomedical Graduate Studies Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0009-0001-6144-5180
Muhammad Imtiaz AhmadDepartment of Medicine Wisconsin College of Medicine Milwaukee WI USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6870-1722
Anurag MehtaDivision of Cardiology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond VA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6910-5551
Harpreet S BhatiaDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3964-2989
Mitchell PauknerDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3839-5311
Rishi RikhiDepartment of Cardiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8013-4564
Erin D MichosDivision of Cardiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5547-5084
Michael D ShapiroCenter for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9071-3287

Funding

Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Elevated Lipoprotein(a)K08HL166962 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · 2025 to 2025
$169k
NHLBI NIH HHS K08 HL166962
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInsulin resistance (IR) and lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), are established contributors to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Whether IR modifies the association between Lp(a) and CVD in primary prevention remains uncertain.

methodsThis prospective cohort study included UK Biobank participants without baseline CVD. IR at enrollment was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). The primary outcome was first major adverse cardiovascular event, defined as peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death. Cox models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% CIs for log-transformed Lp(a) and TyG, adjusting for each other. Lp(a) was categorized as <125 or ≥125 nmol/L; high IR was TyG ≥75th cohort percentile. Participants were stratified into 4 joint Lp(a)/IR groups using low Lp(a)/low IR as reference.

resultsAmong 328 031 participants (mean age 56.4 years; 54.7% women), 26 865 CVD events occurred over 14.6 years median follow-up (interquartile range 13.7-15.4). Per 1-SD increase, aHRs were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.06-1.09) for log-Lp(a) and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.04-1.07) for TyG, each adjusted for the other. The

conclusionsLp(a) and IR each independently contribute to cardiovascular risk, with a combination offering improved risk stratification. This suggests that accounting for IR may enhance the assessment of Lp(a)-associated risk in the context of primary CVD prevention setting.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesInsulin ResistanceLipoprotein(a)AgedBiological Specimen BanksBiomarkersBlood GlucoseFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsBiomarkersBlood GlucoseLipoprotein(a)LPA protein, humanTriglyceridescardiovascular diseaseinsulin resistancelipoprotein(a)triglyceride‐glucose indexUK biobank

Identifiers

PMID41669947
PMCPMC13055481

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.