ArticleScience advances2026
Gas vortex discovery in butterfly microcavities for constructing ultrasensitive gas sensors.
Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Gas sensors are pivotal for environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics but usually face the sensitivity-stability trade-off in trace-gas detection. Conventional sensitivity-enhancement strategies rely on reactive surface modifications, which may risk long-term stability, whereas inefficient gas-solid interaction time limits detection sensitivity. Here, we find gas vortex effects in butterfly wings that can prolong molecular residence time and apply this bioinspired mechanism to gas sensor design to resolve this trade-off. We establish a universal design rule: Periodic microcavities with diameter-to-height ratios of 1 to 1.33 generate centralized vortices that prolong molecular residence time by 85% and optimize mass transfer efficiency, as validated through computational fluid dynamics, fluorescence tracking, and Sherwood number analysis. This geometric principle enables metal oxide (ZnO, In
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