ArticleJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2026
Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models recapitulate the peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer and delineate its transcriptional and regulatory programs.
Article in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThe mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear partly owing to the lack of patient-derived models that recapitulate this process. This study aimed to establish an orthotopic model of PDAC peritoneal dissemination and to uncover the transcriptional and regulatory programs underlying this process.
methodsOrganoids were established from primary pancreatic tumors and malignant effusions of patients with PDAC and orthotopically transplanted into the pancreas of immunodeficient mice to generate patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models. Subsequently, the organoids were rederived from pancreatic and peritoneal lesions of a representative model (PDOX12) and orthotopically reimplanted to assess the dissemination capacity. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) were performed to analyze the tumors from these models.
resultsThe organoids that were derived from malignant effusions reproducibly generated peritoneal metastases after orthotopic implantation. To dissect this process more precisely, we focused on one representative model (PDOX12) and rederived organoids from its pancreatic and peritoneal lesions. These organoids generated matched PDOX models that differed only in dissemination potential when reimplanted orthotopically. The results of snRNA-seq revealed a distinct subpopulation enriched in the high-dissemination model, which was characterized by the coordinated activation of genes involved in cytoskeletal dynamics, extracellular matrix remodeling, and plasticity-related signaling—suggesting a dissemination-primed state. Integration with scATAC-seq identified STAT3, SMAD3, and SOX2 as potential upstream regulators of this gene program.
conclusionsThis study established PDOX models that isolate the peritoneal dissemination phenotype and reveal the transcriptional and regulatory programs driving this process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.