Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41673927›Full record

ReviewPhysiological reports2026

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of immunosenescence and COVID-19 outcomes in the elderly: A narrative review.

Maha Gasmi, Kimia Torabinasab, Ruth Williams-Hooker, Santo Marsigliante, Antonella Muscella

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Physiological reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Maha GasmiHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Kimia TorabinasabStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ruth Williams-HookerCollege of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Santo MarsiglianteDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
Antonella MuscellaDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2822-9929

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Older adults are highly vulnerable to severe COVID-19. Unlike our previous work on broad immunosenescence, this review focuses on peripheral hematological markers as practical indicators of risk. To examine lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as clinically accessible markers of immune aging and COVID-19 severity in older adults. Literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (up to 2025) for studies on aging, immunosenescence, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, NLR, and COVID-19. These markers consistently correlate with worse COVID-19 outcomes; NLR is a simple, reliable indicator of immune dysregulation, systemic inflammation, and mortality risk. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and elevated NLR are low-cost, readily measurable markers associated with COVID-19 severity, highlighting their prognostic value and complementing prior immunosenescence research.

Indexed as

AgingCOVID-19ImmunosenescenceLymphocytesNeutrophilsAgedBiomarkersHumansLymphopeniaSARS-CoV-2BiomarkersCOVID‐19immunosenescencelymphopenianeutrophil dysfunctionneutrophilianeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR)

Identifiers

PMID41673927
PMCPMC12894097

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.