Evidence mapPaperPMID 41675294Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026

Serial assessment of inflammatory biomarkers as a prognostic factor for first-line treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: single-center retrospective study.

Nikša Librenjak, Gordan Adžić, Domina Kekez, Irma Goršić, Juraj Prejac, Stjepko Pleština

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Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nikša LibrenjakDepartment of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Grad Zagreb, Croatia.
Gordan AdžićDepartment of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Grad Zagreb, Croatia.
Domina KekezDepartment of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Grad Zagreb, Croatia.
Irma GoršićDepartment of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Grad Zagreb, Croatia.
Juraj PrejacDepartment of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Grad Zagreb, Croatia.
Stjepko PleštinaDepartment of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Grad Zagreb, Croatia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality, with limited curative options despite advances in targeted therapies. Reliable prognostic biomarkers are needed to guide treatment. Inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) may predict poor outcomes. This study evaluated the prognostic value of serial NLR and SII assessments in first-line mCRC therapy. Methods: In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, we obtained data on 258 patients who started first-line systemic chemotherapy from the beginning of 2016 until the end of 2018. Baseline (pretreatment) and 3-month post-treatment values of NLR and SII were used to determine their prognostic value for treatment outcomes, which were measured as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Patients were divided by pretreatment median NLR (3.19) and SII (810). Low NLR was associated with longer PFS (15.4 vs. 9.5 months, p=0.031) and OS (39.1 vs. 27.2 months, p=0.002). After 3 months, PFS difference increased (14.3 vs. 4.5 months, p<0.001); OS was longer but not significantly (35.3 vs. 20.1 months, p=0.14). Low SII after three months of therapy was linked to improved PFS (14.1 vs. 6.8 months, p<0.001) and OS (36.4 vs. 21.6 months, p=0.001), while at baseline assessment it was associated with longer OS (39.4 vs. 27.1 months, p=0.003), but not with PFS (13.9 vs. 10.6 months, p=0.11). Multivariate analysis showed pretreatment NLR and SII were independent prognostic factors for OS, but not PFS. Post-treatment NLR was prognostic for PFS only, while post-treatment SII was prognostic for both OS and PFS. Conclusions: Serial evaluation of NLR and SII could identify patients who are at increased risk of poor survival outcomes.

Indexed as

first-line chemotherapymetastatic colorectal cancerneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)systemic inflammationtreatment outcomes

Identifiers

PMID41675294
PMCPMC12886028

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.