ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2025
Brain causality alterations in major depressive disorder treatment.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, with limited objective biomarkers to guide treatment selection and monitor early therapeutic effects. This study examines whether pharmacological and neurostimulation treatments produce distinct alterations in directional brain connectivity patterns within the first week of treatment and whether baseline connectivity patterns differ between treatment responders and nonresponders assessed at 4-6 weeks. Methods: We perform an information theory-based causality analysis on instantaneous phase time series derived from electroencephalography recordings of 176 MDD patients. Patients received either pharmacological treatment or neurostimulation and were recorded at baseline (visit 1) and one week post-treatment initiation (visit 2). We quantified directional information flow across 19 EEG channels in five frequency bands ( Results: Treatment modalities produced distinct frequency-specific alterations in brain causality. Pharmacological treatment significantly increased global and local information transmission in the Discussion: Early-phase directional brain connectivity analysis reveals that pharmacological and neurostimulation treatments engage distinct neural oscillatory mechanisms within the first week. Elevated baseline right-dominant
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