Evidence mapPaperPMID 41675890Full record

ReviewAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2026

"Microbial metabolites in cardioprotection: an immune-engineered framework for heart failure and post-ischemic remodeling: a narrative review".

Asra Amjad, Asma Azam, Wadiha Shah, Umair Ali, Maryam Altaf, Muddassir Khalid, Muhammad Rizwan Javed

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Asra AmjadIslamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi Pakistan (Riphah International University), Pakistan.
Asma AzamDepartment of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College Karachi, Pakistan.
Wadiha ShahDepartment of Medicine, Gajju Khan Medical College, Swabi, Pakistan.
Umair AliDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Pakistan.
Maryam AltafDepartment of Medicine, Karachi Metropolitan University, Pakistan.
Muddassir KhalidDepartment of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0717-2777
Muhammad Rizwan JavedDepartment of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The gut-heart axis is a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases, which continue to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolites originating from microorganisms have demonstrated significant impacts on inflammation, remodeling, and heart function. Objective: By assessing molecular pathways, therapeutic options, and translational barriers, this narrative review seeks to objectively examine the cardioprotective potential of gut microbial metabolites. Methods: We reviewed and summarized the most recent research on the impact of microbial metabolites, both beneficial and detrimental, on endothelium repair, fibrosis, immunometabolism, and cardiac bioenergetics. A systematic search was conducted using the phrases "gut-heart axis," "microbial metabolites," and "cardiovascular protection" in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for the years 2018-2024. Preclinical and clinical research that met the eligibility requirements were vetted and narratively synthesized. Results: By modulating Nrf2, HDAC, and TGF-β/Smad, protective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, urolithins, and indoles have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and mitochondrial-enhancing properties. On the other hand, oxidative stress and fibrosis are made worse by trimethylamine N-oxide and hydrogen sulfide. Postbiotic formulations, innovative delivery systems, and synthetic biology provide promising approaches for focused intervention. However, there are substantial translational obstacles due to pharmacokinetic, regulatory, and microbiota heterogeneity. Conclusion: Microbial metabolites produced in the gut are a promising and revolutionary class of cardioprotectants. Future cardiovascular treatments may be redefined by precision-targeted gut-heart axis modulation, although clinical validation and regulatory standardization are still crucial.

Indexed as

cardioprotectiongut-heart axisheart failuremicrobial metabolitespostbioticssynthetic biology

Identifiers

PMID41675890
PMCPMC12889395

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.