Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41675909›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2026

Mortality trends for chronic kidney disease and dementia in the United States, 1999-2020: a 22-year retrospective analysis.

Muhammad S Ahmad, Sarmad Imran, Muhammad A Kamal, Archi Mehta, Iqra Nawaz, Iman O Abufatima, Abdulhadi M A Mahgoub, Mohammedsadeq A Shweliya

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Muhammad S AhmadDepartment of Medicine, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sarmad ImranDepartment of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Muhammad A KamalDepartment of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Archi MehtaDepartment of Medicine, GMERS Medical College Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Iqra NawazDepartment of Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Iman O AbufatimaDepartment of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Abdulhadi M A MahgoubDepartment of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Gezira, Sudan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5008-940X
Mohammedsadeq A ShweliyaDepartment of Medicine, University of Baghdad College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dementia are major causes of morbidity and mortality among older adults and frequently coexist due to shared vascular and metabolic risk factors. Despite their clinical importance, national mortality trends for these conditions remain underexplored. This study aimed to examine temporal and demographic patterns of mortality among individuals with coexisting CKD and dementia in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Methods: In this retrospective, population-based study, mortality data for adults aged ≥25 years were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Deaths listing both CKD [International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10 N18.x)] and dementia (ICD-10 F01.x, F03, G30.x) as causes were included. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100 000 were calculated using the 2000 U.S. standard population. Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change and average annual percent change (AAPC) with Results: Between 1999 and 2020, 170 375 deaths were attributed to CKD and dementia. The overall AAMR increased from 1.03 to 5.92 per 100 000 (AAPC 7.41%). Mortality increased significantly across both genders, older adults, and all census regions, peaking in 2012, briefly declining between 2012 and 2015, then rising during 2015 to 2020. Males had higher mortality (AAMR 4.24) than females (3.16). Non-Hispanic Black individuals exhibited the highest rate (6.20), followed by non-Hispanic White (3.35) and Hispanic (3.09) populations. The Midwest showed the highest regional burden (AAMR 3.90), while rural counties recorded greater mortality (3.89) than urban areas (3.49). Conclusion: The increasing mortality trends show a close relationship between CKD and dementia. Thus, improving early diagnosis, ensuring equal access to care, and providing a holistic treatment approach targeting both the organs is key to enhancing optimal patient care and consequently reducing mortality.

Indexed as

CDC WONDERchronic kidney diseasedementiamortality trends

Identifiers

PMID41675909
PMCPMC12889323

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.