ArticleiMetaOmics2024
Novel insights into immunopathogenesis and crucial biomarkers between primary open-angle glaucoma and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in iMetaOmics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The risk association between systemic lupus erythematosus and glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Global, regional, and national burden of blindness and vision loss attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021, and forecasts to 2030: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glaucoma is the primary factor underlying irreversible blindness. Recent studies suggest that the risk of glaucoma significantly increases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel common biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs for SLE and glaucoma. GSE27276, GSE50772, and GSE148371 datasets were sourced from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. An integrated analysis of the datasets for both diseases identified biomarkers and thoroughly examined their biological roles and molecular mechanisms using differential expression analysis (DEA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene enrichment analysis, machine learning, microRNA (miRNA) and transcription factor analyses, immune infiltration analyses, and single-cell transcriptome analysis. Concurrently, molecular docking was used to forecast potential drugs targeting these biomarkers. Finally, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed in human trabecular meshwork stem cells to validate the five identified biomarkers. The 10 key genes identified through DEA and WGCNA were predominantly involved in immune, inflammatory, and autophagy pathways. Additionally, machine learning identified five biomarkers, and we established associated transcription factors and miRNA regulatory networks. Immune infiltration analysis indicated an elevated presence of immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, and B cells, in both conditions. Furthermore, the DSigDB database yielded 10 potential therapeutic agents, three of which showed strong binding potential to the biomarkers via molecular docking. The RT-qPCR results confirmed the trend in gene expression. This study uncovered a new link between SLE and primary open-angle glaucoma, identifying biomarkers and mechanisms of immunopathogenesis for future research and treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.