ReviewOncoscience2026
Gastrointestinal toxicity of targeted cancer therapies in the United States: Clinicopathologic patterns, FDA safety frameworks, and implications for national patient protection.
Review in Oncoscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs precision oncology advances, non-immune checkpoint targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies are increasingly used across gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI malignancies. While these agents have transformed cancer treatment, they are also associated with a broad spectrum of GI toxicities that remain underrecognized in both clinical practice and pathology.
objectiveThis review comprehensively examines the mechanisms, clinicopathological features, and management strategies of GI toxicity induced by TKIs, ADCs, and CAR-T therapies, emphasizing the diagnostic role of pathologists in identifying treatment-related injury patterns.
methodsWe synthesized data from pivotal clinical trials, FDA drug labeling, post-marketing surveillance (FAERS), and real-world histopathologic descriptions of GI adverse events. SEER data on GI malignancies treated with targeted therapies were also reviewed to highlight epidemiologic context.
resultsTKIs may induce mucosal ischemia, apoptosis, or colitis-like inflammation due to angiogenesis inhibition and off-target effects. ADCs contribute to epithelial injury through cytotoxic payloads, while CAR-T therapy is associated with cytokine-mediated GI inflammation. Histological findings range from apoptotic enteropathy to ulcerative colitis and mimic infections, GVHD, or autoimmune disease. Misdiagnosis can lead to treatment delays or unnecessary dose reductions.
conclusionsThe landscape of GI toxicity from targeted cancer therapies is expanding rapidly. Accurate recognition of characteristic pathology patterns and integration with clinical history are crucial for safe and effective management. Enhanced pharmacovigilance, pathology-oncology collaboration, and incorporation of national surveillance data (FAERS, SEER) are essential to advancing precision medicine and patient safety.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.