Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41677018›Full record

Observational studyDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2026

Real-world glycaemic outcomes observed with the use of Medtronic 780G, Tandem Control-IQ and Omnipod 5 automated insulin delivery systems.

Muhammad S Khan, Sathana Sivanantham, Lavanta Farouk, Deeksha Reddy Lakshmareddy, Sara De Scolasticis, Elisabeth Cresta, Ian Godsland, Parizad Avari, Nick Oliver, Lalantha Leelarathna and 1 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Technology in Diabetes: A Year in Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Muhammad S KhanImperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Sathana SivananthamImperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lavanta FaroukDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Deeksha Reddy LakshmareddyImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Sara De ScolasticisImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Elisabeth CrestaImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Ian GodslandDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-465X
Parizad AvariDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Nick OliverDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lalantha LeelarathnaDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Monika ReddyDepartment of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6140-4493

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNo randomised controlled trials have directly compared commercially available hybrid automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, and real-world comparative data remain limited. This study evaluated glycaemic outcomes across three hybrid AID systems in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

methodsThis was a retrospective, observational, single-centre study and included adults with T1D who transitioned from multiple daily injections (MDI) or non-automated insulin pump therapy to hybrid AID. Data were collected from routinely used clinical data-sharing platforms and electronic health records. Outcomes compared across systems included time in range (TIR; 3.9-10.0 mmol/L), time below range (TBR; <3.9 and <3.0 mmol/L), time above range (TAR; >10.0 and >13.9 mmol/L), glucose management indicator (GMI, %) and coefficient of variation (CV, %).

resultsA total of 213 participants were included (Medtronic 780G n = 38; Tandem Control-IQ n = 81; Omnipod 5 n = 94). After adjustment for baseline TIR, diabetes duration, insulin modality and AID use duration 780G users achieved a higher TIR increase (21.1% [95% CI 18.4-23.7]) compared to Control-IQ (10.1% [3.2-17.3], p = 0.010) and Omnipod 5 (15.2% [12.9-17.5], p = 0.002), with corresponding reductions in TAR.

conclusionAll three hybrid AID systems were associated with improvements in glycaemic outcomes in real-world use, supporting the role of AID systems in the management of T1D. Medtronic 780G use was associated with higher TIR increase compared with the other systems; however, these findings are based on measurements from different continuous glucose monitors between AID groups and cannot be used to infer superiority in glycaemic attainment.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsAdultBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansIntelligent SystemsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulincontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetes technologyhybrid automated insulin deliveryhybrid closed‐looptype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41677018
PMCPMC13074138

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.