ReviewAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026
Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Diagnostic Biomarkers to Engineered Therapeutics.
Review in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched Fractions as a Potential Source of Biomarkers for Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (SSc-ILD): A Shotgun Proteomic Exploration Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles as drivers of immunotherapeutic resistance: mechanisms of immune reprogramming and metabolic intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic disorders caused by a breakdown in immune self-tolerance, triggering aberrant immune attacks against one's own tissues. These responses cause persistent inflammation and multiorgan damage. As the global prevalence of ADs continues to increase, they impose a growing public health burden, but current treatments do not meet clinical needs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed nanoparticles secreted by live cells that can carry diverse bioactive molecules and play essential roles in intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have attracted considerable attention as promising therapeutic candidates for ADs owing to their high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and ability to traverse biological barriers. This review systematically summarizes the current applications and development trends of both plant and mammalian sources and explores the functions of natural or engineered EVs in modulating the pathological processes underlying ADs. We also discuss the emerging potential of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and targeted drug delivery systems for autoimmune conditions. Although clinical translation of EV-based therapies faces challenges, deepening our understanding of the pathogenic roles of EVs in autoimmunity coupled with ongoing advances in bioengineering technologies holds promise for delivering novel theoretical insights and practical strategies for diagnosing and treating these refractory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.