Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41679005›Full record

ArticlePoultry science2026

Poultry Proteus mirabilis in selected areas of Hunan, China: Resistance profiles and virulence genes.

Kuihao Liu, Hui Wang, Zhibin Niu, Shuying Zhu, Ruo Lv, Zhiyun Guo, Ning Li

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kuihao LiuCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi Province, China.
Hui WangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi Province, China.
Zhibin NiuCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi Province, China.
Shuying ZhuCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi Province, China.
Ruo LvCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi Province, China.
Zhiyun GuoCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China.
Ning LiCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Shandong Agricultural University, 7 Panhe Street, Tai'an City 271017 Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: sdningli@sdau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is a Gram-negative, motile opportunistic pathogen with a broad host range. It causes both community- and hospital-acquired infections and is increasingly detected in poultry and food chains, raising food-safety concerns. This study systematically evaluated the prevalence, antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles, and the distribution of resistance genes, virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and metal-tolerance genes in chicken-derived P. mirabilis in Hunan Province. From June 2022 to January 2025, 1,679 chicken cloacal swabs were collected in Hunan; 192 P. mirabilis isolates were recovered (prevalence 11.44%). Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing (AST) was performed on a simple random sample of 118 isolates (118/192, 61.5%) using CLSI-recommended disk diffusion. The results showed that the MDR rate was 72.0% (85/118). Resistance was most frequent to Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (81.4%), Ampicillin (AMP) (79.7%), Ciprofloxacin (CIP) (78.0%), and Gentamicin (GEN) (75.4%), followed by Neomycin (NEO) (63.6%) and Chloramphenicol (CHL) (61.0%). Carbapenem resistance was detected in a subset of isolates, including meropenem (MEM) (6.8%) and imipenem (IPM) (11.0%). Resistance-gene screening identified high prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants qnrA 58.9% (113/192) and aac(6')-Ib-cr 59.9% (115/192). The carbapenemase gene blaNDM-1 was detected in 10.4% (20/192) of isolates, and 24.0% (46/192) were positive for vanA. Markers associated with class 1 integrons, including qacEΔ1 and the integrase intI1, were detected in 71.9% and 49.5% of isolates, respectively. Furthermore, copper-tolerance genes copB and pcoA were detected in 49.5% and 10.4% of isolates, respectively. In summary, poultry-derived P. mirabilis in Hunan demonstrated high MDR prevalence and frequent carriage of resistance-, virulence-, and environment-related markers. Our findings enrich the epidemiological data on Proteus mirabilis at the farm level and provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of this disease.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsChickensDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialPoultry DiseasesProteus InfectionsProteus mirabilisAnimalsChinaPrevalenceVirulenceAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial resistancePoultryProteus mirabilisVirulence genes

Identifiers

PMID41679005
PMCPMC12914789

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.