Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41679378›Full record

ArticleToxicology2026

Prenatal arsenic exposure and gene expression in fetal liver, heart, lung, and placenta.

Kristal A Rychlik, Sylvia S Sanchez, Chloe Kashiwagi, Jin-Shiung Liao, Aakriti Mathur, Emily J Illingworth, Andre Kleensang, Alexandra Maertens, Fenna C M Sillé

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kristal A RychlikDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Public Health Program, School of Health Professions, Mayborn College of Health Sciences, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA. Electronic address: krychlik@umhb.edu.
Sylvia S SanchezDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: ssanch22@jhu.edu.
Chloe KashiwagiDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Jin-Shiung LiaoDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Aakriti MathurDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Emily J IllingworthDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andre KleensangDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Alexandra MaertensDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: amaerte1@jhu.edu.
Fenna C M SilléDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: fsille1@jhu.edu.

Funding

MULTIDISCIPLINARY TRAINING PROGRAM IN LUNG DISEASEST32HL007534 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Nadia N Hansel, Larissa A. Shimoda · 1985 to 2026
$28.3M
Traning Program in Environmental Health SciencesT32ES007141 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Marsha Wills-Karp · 1985 to 2026
$22.2M
Pilot Project ProgramP30ES032756 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Marsha Wills-Karp · 2022 to 2026
$6.0M
Long-term Effects of Early-Life Arsenic Exposure on ImmunityR00ES024808 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SILLE, FENNA · 2017 to 2019
$838k
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007534NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES032756NIEHS NIH HHS R00 ES024808NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007141
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prenatal arsenic exposure has been linked to a myriad of negative health effects. There is relatively little insight into the mechanisms and signaling alterations across different fetal organs that drive long-term immune-related issues following prenatal arsenic exposure. Therefore, the effects of this exposure window on gene expression in the liver, placenta, heart, and lung of gestation day (GD) 18 C57BL/6 mouse fetuses were investigated. From two weeks prior to mating until tissue collection at GD18, mice were exposed to 0 or 100 ppb sodium (meta) arsenite in drinking water, ad libitum. Genes of interest were analyzed by RT-qPCR, complemented with untargeted Agilent 44 K microarray analysis. Data cleanup and analysis was performed in RStudio. Differentially expressed mRNAs were queried in the String Database and using Cytoscape to create interaction networks and identify significantly enriched biological pathways. A total of 251, 165, 158, and 41 genes were significantly altered in the liver, placenta, heart, and lung, respectively, when treated samples were compared to controls. Many altered pathways were immune-related, supporting prior research. Most notably, gene expression of Gbp3, a key player in the cellular response to interferon gamma, was found to be reduced in placentas of male fetuses exposed to arsenic compared to controls (p = 0.0237). IMPACT: This is the first study comparing alterations in gene expression across multiple organs following prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of arsenic. These findings, elucidating the multi-organ impact of prenatal arsenic exposure on predominantly immune-related pathways, further our mechanistic understanding of the long-term health effects observed in early-life arsenic-exposed populations.

Indexed as

ArsenitesGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalLiverLungPlacentaPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsSodium CompoundsAnimalsArsenicFemaleGene Expression ProfilingMaleMaternal ExposureMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisArsenicArsenitessodium arseniteSodium CompoundsArsenicImmuneMicroarrayMRNAPrenatal

Identifiers

PMID41679378
PMCPMC13094789

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.