ArticleBMC nursing2026
Work pressure, communication skills, empathy, professional identity, and workplace violence in psychiatric nurses: a structural equation model analysis.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-Performance Work Systems and Nurse Role Stress: Serial Indirect Associations of Psychological Capital and Professional Identity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between artificial intelligence literacy and empathic behavior among nursing interns: adjustment for moral distress and moral resilience.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPsychiatric nurses face elevated workplace violence (WPV) risk and high occupational stress globally. This structural equation modeling study examined relationships among work pressure, communication skills, empathy, professional identity, and WPV.
methodsBetween January and July 2024, 634 nurses from six Grade-A tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Shandong Province, China, completed validated instruments assessing work pressure, communication skills, empathy, professional identity, and WPV. Structural equation modeling with path analysis was used to examine direct and mediating effects.
resultsWPV was positively associated with work pressure and negatively associated with communication skills, empathy, and professional identity. Work pressure showed direct effects on WPV (β = 0.357, P < 0.001) and indirect effects through empathy (β = 0.091, P < 0.05). Communication skills (β=-0.206, P = 0.010), empathy (β=-0.219, P < 0.001), and professional identity (β=-0.390, P < 0.001) demonstrated significant negative direct effects on WPV. Multiple mediation pathways were identified, including sequential mediation through empathy and professional identity. The structural model demonstrated good fit to the data.
conclusionsWork pressure, empathy, communication skills, and professional identity are associated with WPV among psychiatric nurses through both direct and indirect pathways. Healthcare administrators should implement targeted interventions including workplace improvements, psychological support services, stress management programs, and professional identity enhancement to reduce WPV risk and support nursing staff well-being. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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