Vitamin A intake and status and associations with iron status, anaemia and birth outcomes of pregnant women in the Free State Province, South Africa: the Nutritional Status of Expectant Mothers and their newborn Infants (NuEMI) study.

Janet Adede Carboo, Jennifer Ngounda, Jeannine Baumgartner, Liska Robb, Elizabeth Margaretha Jordaan, Corinna M Walsh

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Article in The British journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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6 authors.

Janet Adede CarbooDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free Statehttps://ror.org/009xwd568, Bloemfontein, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-4520

Jennifer NgoundaDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free Statehttps://ror.org/009xwd568, Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Jeannine BaumgartnerDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Liska RobbDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free Statehttps://ror.org/009xwd568, Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Elizabeth Margaretha JordaanDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free Statehttps://ror.org/009xwd568, Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Corinna M WalshDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free Statehttps://ror.org/009xwd568, Bloemfontein, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-9246

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is common among pregnant women (PW) and has been associated with anaemia and adverse birth outcomes. However, in the Free State Province of South Africa, evidence regarding this is limited. Hence, this cross-sectional study investigated the vitamin A (vitA) intake and status of PW in Bloemfontein and its association with anaemia, iron status and birth outcomes. Blood was taken from 427 PW to assess the status of vitA (retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)), iron (ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)) and anaemia (Hb). Sociodemographic, HIV, birth outcomes (birthweight and gestational age) and dietary vitA intake data were obtained using a questionnaire in an interview and medical records. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to describe variables and the association between vitA and iron status and birth outcomes. Median vitA intake was 1007 µgRAE/d with 19 % of participants' intake below the estimated average requirement of 550 µgRAE/d. Median (IQR) RBP4 was 1·51 (0·78) µmol/l. Insufficient vitA status and VAD prevalence were 12·2 % and 1·2 %, respectively. VitA intake was positively associated with RBP4 (

Indexed as

AnaemiaDietary vitamin A intakeIron statusPregnancyRetinol-binding proteinVitamin A

Identifiers

PMID41681086

DOI10.1017/S0007114526106473

PMCPMC13423513

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