Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41681178›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Novel Metformin-Encapsulating Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres in Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Regenerative Applications.

Mohammad Alenizy, Abdullah Alhussein, Nader Almutairi, Ibrahim Ba-Armah, Heba Alqarni, Yazeed Altamimi, Ayman Altamimi, Tao Ma, Man-Kyo Chung, Michael D Weir and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mohammad AlenizyDental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7850-9961
Abdullah AlhusseinDepartment of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7926-2673
Nader AlmutairiDental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7197-8239
Ibrahim Ba-ArmahDental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3524-2515
Heba AlqarniDental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Yazeed AltamimiDental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Ayman AltamimiDental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Tao MaDepartment of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Man-Kyo ChungDepartment of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7637-1148
Michael D WeirDepartment of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Abraham SchneiderDepartment of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Hockin H K XuDepartment of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Funding

Maryland Stem Cell Fund 2024-MSCRFL-6336NIH HHS 1R01DE032692-01A1NIH HHS 1R21 DE032139-01NIH HHS S10 OD030274
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metformin is a promising small molecule for dentin regeneration, but an effective local delivery system for pulp applications has been underexplored. This study encapsulated metformin in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres and incorporated them into calcium phosphate-chitosan cement (CPCC) as a direct pulp-capping material (DPC). Metformin-PLGA microspheres were prepared by double emulsion and mixed with CPCC at a concentration of 0% to 20% by weight. Microsphere morphology, encapsulation efficiency, chemical composition, and physico-mechanical properties were characterized, and compatibility with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was evaluated by live/dead assay and SEM. The microspheres were spherical (5.43 ± 0.17 µm) with (51 ± 3.69%) encapsulation efficiency, and FTIR confirmed metformin incorporation. The 15% Met-PLGA-CPCC group showed flexural strength (15.22 ± 1.98 MPa), elastic modulus (4.60 ± 0.73 GPa), and work of fracture (104.96 ± 12.48 J/m

Indexed as

biomaterialdirect pulp cappingmetformintissue regeneration

Identifiers

PMID41681178
PMCPMC12897909

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.