ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Bifunctional Metformin-Phenolic Hybrids with Improved Anticancer and Antioxidant Properties: Evaluation on Glioma Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most highly aggressive types of brain tumor in adults. With limited treatment options, current therapies remain insufficient due to its invasiveness and immune evasion, highlighting the urgent need for new treatments. Bifunctional molecules targeting multiple aspects of the disease could be promising to overcome drug resistance and tumor heterogeneity. Metformin has demonstrated protective effects against brain tumors but requires high doses for efficacy, making it of great interest for molecular optimization. In this context, we synthesized a series of nine metformin-phenolic molecules, combining the metformin guanidine framework with phenolic acids, which have well-established properties in inhibiting cancer cell migration and adhesion. Their impact on cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species inhibition, and signaling pathways was investigated for glioma cell lines and stem cells. Two of these hybrids,
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