Evidence mapPaperPMID 41684448Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Implication of xanthine oxidoreductase in oxidative stress-related chronic diseases.

Kendra L Nelson, Venkata Saroja Voruganti

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kendra L NelsonDepartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Venkata Saroja VorugantiDepartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the final steps of purine catabolism: the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to UA. XOR exists as interconvertible proteoforms, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The balance between XDH and XO determines whether purine degradation is redox-neutral or strongly pro-oxidant. Evidence across cardiovascular, renal, oncological and neurological disorders shows that excess XO-derived ROS, rather than UA itself, is a likely mediator of tissue injury and clinical progression, with several lines of research linking them to the interplay between XOR and purinergic signaling. Pharmacological inhibition or down-regulation of XO ameliorates pathology even when UA concentrations remain unchanged, underscoring the therapeutic relevance of the proteoform-specific mechanism. This mini-review focuses on the structure, regulation, and pathological roles of XOR, with emphasis on its implications in oxidative stress-related diseases.

Indexed as

Oxidative StressXanthine DehydrogenaseAnimalsChronic DiseaseHumansPurinesReactive Oxygen SpeciesXanthine OxidasePurinesReactive Oxygen SpeciesXanthine DehydrogenaseXanthine Oxidaseadenosineoxidative stresspurine metabolismuric acidxanthine

Identifiers

PMID41684448
PMCPMC12891832

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.