ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Total flavonoids from
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: A recent clinical study demonstrated that Huangkui capsule (with its bioactive constituents being total flavones extracted from Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of TFA in DN through the modulation of the gut-kidney axis. Methods: The db/db mice were administered TFA, irbesartan, or vehicle. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intestinal bacterial composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum metabolites were quantified via LC-ESI-MS/MS. Kidney transcriptomics were assessed using Illumina platform-based RNA sequencing. Results: Administration of TFA reduced the UACR in db/db mice and significantly altered intestinal flora composition. Specifically, TFA elevated the abundance of Dietzia, Faecium, Streptococcus, and Blautia while reducing Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Enterobacteriaceae, Rikenellaceae, Fusivibrio, and Treponema. In serum metabolomic analysis, TFA increased the levels of quercetin 3-glucuronide and n-cinnamyl glycine but decreased cortisol concentrations. Concurrently, renal transcriptomics revealed the downregulation of key genes, including retnlg, ngp, mpo, camp, ctsg, elane, s100a8, s100a9, trem1, and mmp7, which primarily function in pathways related to neutrophil extracellular trap formation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and cortisol synthesis/secretion. In contrast, irbesartan treatment did not significantly affect blood pressure or specific renal gene pathways in db/db mice. Conclusion: TFA attenuates diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression through pharmacological mechanisms involving three key axes: (1) modulation of intestinal flora composition, (2) regulation of circulating metabolites, and (3) suppression of renal gene activity pathways. These findings highlight the gut-kidney axis as a central therapeutic target for TFA in DN management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.