Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41686140›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53

Trends in Parent-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Among U.S. Children, 2016-2023.

Samuel M Katz, Angelika H Claussen, Cinthya K Alberto, Rebecca H Bitsko, Kimberly Newsome, Brooke S Staley, Lin Hui Tian, Reem M Ghandour, Stephen J Blumberg

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Article in Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Samuel M KatzNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Angelika H ClaussenNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Cinthya K AlbertoMaternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration.
Rebecca H BitskoNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Kimberly NewsomeNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Brooke S StaleyNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Lin Hui TianNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Reem M GhandourMaternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration.
Stephen J BlumbergNational Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder starting in childhood, often persisting into adulthood. Diagnosis rates have risen since the first U.S. estimates in the 1990s, with variations across sex, race/ethnicity, and other factors. This study explores ADHD diagnosis and treatment among U.S. children from 2016 to 2023, with a focus on identifying differences across sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

methodsData from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH; 2016‒2023) on parent-reported ADHD diagnoses and treatments among non-institutionalized U.S. children aged 3‒17 years were analyzed. Trends over time and across sociodemographic and clinical subgroups were assessed using logistic regression models and joinpoint regression analysis.

resultsADHD diagnosis prevalence estimates were stable from 2016 to 2019 (8.6% to 8.8%), rising after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to 10.5% in 2023. Yet, from 2016 to 2023, overall ADHD treatment rates declined (76.9% to 70.8%), particularly for medication treatment (62.5% to 53.0%), while behavioral treatment stayed steady (47.3% to 48.2%). ADHD diagnosis trends differed by race, insurance status, and ADHD severity, increasing only for children in Asian, White, and multiracial groups; with private insurance, and with mild or moderate ADHD. Treatment prevalence differences by sex narrowed over time, as medication use decreased for males and behavioral treatment increased for females, specifically adolescent females.

conclusionsWith a widening gap between the prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and treatment, fewer children are receiving recommended care than in the past. These results may inform interventions to improve healthcare access and address systemic barriers to treatment for all children with ADHD.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleParentsPrevalenceUnited States

Identifiers

PMID41686140
PMCPMC13132157

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.