ArticleCerebellum (London, England)2026
Effectiveness of a Combined High-Definition tDCS-Primed Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Protocol Targeting the Cerebellar Vermis in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: a Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial.
Article in Cerebellum (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Target Interpretability and Functional Mapping of rTMS and Theta-Burst Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis and Midline Cerebellum: A Scoping Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Around 60% of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) patients fail conventional therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a combined high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS)-primed intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol targeting the cerebellar vermis using a randomized, sham-controlled design. Thirty-six right-handed TRS patients (aged 18-59 years) were randomized to active (n = 18) and sham (n = 18) groups. The active group received cathodal HD-tDCS (2 mA for 15 min) at the cerebellar vermis, followed by iTBS per session. Sessions were daily for 5 days/week over 2 weeks (total 10 sessions), 30 min apart. The sham group received sham HD-tDCS (0.2 mA) followed by sham iTBS. Assessments occurred at baseline, Day 14, and Day 28 using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), Modified Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Side Effects Scale (MSAS), CGI-S, and WHOQOL-BREF. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant between-group time × group interactions favored the active group for PANSS total (F = 6.196, p = 0.018, partial η²=0.170), PANSS-negative (F = 5.06, p = 0.031, partial η²=0.130), and SCoRS (F = 4.149, p = 0.049, partial η²=0.109). No significant effects for PANSS-positive (p = 0.107), PANSS-general (p = 0.175), CGI-S (p = 0.174), WHOQOL-BREF (p = 0.088), or MSAS (p = 0.935). Minor side effects reported; no dropouts from adverse events. The combined HD-tDCS-primed iTBS protocol targeting the cerebellar vermis is safe and modestly effective for overall psychopathology, negative symptoms, and cognition in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Due to simultaneous sham control of both modalities, the specific contribution of HD-tDCS priming cannot be isolated. Future 2 × 2 factorial trials with neuronavigation are required.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.