Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41686648›Full record

ArticleBriefings in bioinformatics2026

ChemEmbed: a deep learning framework for metabolite identification using enhanced MS/MS data and multidimensional molecular embeddings.

Muhammad Faizan-Khan, Roger Giné, Josep M Badia, Maribel Pérez-Ribera, Manuel Ruiz-Botella, Alexandra Junza, Jordi Capellades, Iván Pérez-López, Shipei Xing, Abubaker Patan and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Briefings in bioinformatics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Muhammad Faizan-KhanDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Roger GinéDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Josep M BadiaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Maribel Pérez-RiberaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Manuel Ruiz-BotellaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Alexandra JunzaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Jordi CapelladesMetabolomics Platform, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus 43204, Spain.
Iván Pérez-LópezDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Shipei XingSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Abubaker PatanSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Laura BrugnaraCIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Anna NovialsCIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Joan-Marc ServitjaCIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Maria VinaixaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
Pieter C DorresteinSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Marta Sales-PardoDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8140-6525
Roger GuimeràDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3597-4310
Oscar YanesDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3695-7157

Funding

European UnionEuropean Union NextGenerationEU/PRTREuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeFEDERGovernment of Catalonia 2021SGR-633 (MS-P and RGu)Government of Catalonia 2021SGR842 (OY and MV)Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI20-00658Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI23/00514 (AN and J-MS)Marie Skłodowska-Curie 945413MCIN/AEI PID2022-136226OB-I00 (OY and MV)MCIN/AEI PID2022-142600NB-I00 (MS-P and RGu)UEUniversitat Rovira i Virgili
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Machine learning offers a promising path to annotating the large number of unidentified MS/MS spectra in metabolomics, addressing the limited coverage of current reference spectral libraries. However, existing methods often struggle with the high dimensionality and sparsity of MS/MS spectra and metabolite structures. ChemEmbed tackles these challenges by integrating multidimensional, continuous vector representations of chemical structures with enhanced MS/MS spectra. This enhancement is achieved by merging spectra across multiple collision energies and incorporating calculated neutral losses from 38 472 distinct compounds, providing richer input for a convolutional neural network (CNN). ChemEmbed ranks the correct candidate first in over 42% of cases and within the top five in more than 76% of cases. In external benchmarks such as CASMI 2016 and 2022, ChemEmbed outperforms SIRIUS 6, the current state-of-the-art in computational metabolomics. We applied ChemEmbed to predict structures in the Annotated Recurrent Unidentified Spectra (ARUS) dataset and confirmed 25 previously unidentified compounds. These findings demonstrate ChemEmbed's potential as a robust, scalable tool for accelerating metabolite identification in untargeted mass spectrometry workflows.

Indexed as

Deep LearningMetabolomicsSoftwareTandem Mass SpectrometryConvolutional Neural NetworksHumansdeep learningmass spectrometrymetabolite identificationmolecular embeddingsuntargeted metabolomics

Identifiers

PMID41686648
PMCPMC12903953

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.