Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41689031›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2026

Agent-based simulation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention strategy in Southern Tanzania: comparing dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine with or without primaquine.

Celina Theophil Mfala, Devotha Godfrey Nyambo, Richard Owden Mwaiswelo, Jean M Tchuenche, Thomas Clemen

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Celina Theophil MfalaSchool of Computational and Communication Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania. cellymfala@gmail.com.
Devotha Godfrey NyamboSchool of Computational and Communication Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
Richard Owden MwaisweloDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kairuki University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Jean M TchuencheSchool of Computational and Communication Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
Thomas ClemenDepartment of Computer Science, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) strategy on malaria transmission using a single low dose of primaquine (SLDPQ) added to artemisinin-based combination therapy has not been established in Africa. An agent-based model and simulation (ABMS) was used to assess SMC effectiveness using dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) with and without SLDPQ in Masasi and Nanyumbu Districts, Tanzania.

methodsABMS was developed in AnyLogic platform using secondary data from a cluster-randomized DP-based SMC study conducted in the districts, to assess the effectiveness of DP with and without SLDPQ for control of malaria in under-five children. The model incorporated human, mosquito, transmission, intervention, and environment sub-models, and simulated three monthly rounds of SMC over a 180-day period. Environment temperature, an important factor in mosquito breeding was simulated in three scenarios, first using average field temperature, and then when it was increased or decreased by 1

resultsOverall, 2275 participants, 1135 in the intervention and 1140 in the control arm were involved in the model. At baseline, malaria prevalence was 11.5% (130/1135) and 16.3% (186/1140) in the intervention and control arm, respectively. At the end of 125-day simulation period malaria prevalence declined to 4.1% (47/1135), and it rebounded to 7.1% (80/1135) at the end of 180-day simulation period after three rounds of DP alone administration. Addition of SLDPQ to DP led to a further declined of the prevalence to 1.4% (16/1135) and 3.9% (44/1135) at the end of 125-day and 180-day, respectively. In the DP alone, the increase in average temperature by 1˚C further decreased malaria prevalence to 2.6% (30/1135) and 5.0% (57/1135) at the end of 125-day and 180-day, respectively, whereas the decrease of temperature by 1 ˚C decreased the malaria prevalence to 3.2% (36/1135) and 4.2% (48/1135) at the end of 125-day and 180-day, respectively.

conclusionsThe ABMS has demonstrated that addition of SLDPQ to DP reduced malaria transmission significantly regardless of the increase or decrease of the average temperature by 1 ˚C. SLDPQ can be added to DP-SMC and scaled-out for the control of malaria in Tanzania.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsComputer SimulationEpidemiological ModelsMalariaArtemisininsChemopreventionChild, PreschoolCulicidaeDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePiperazinesPrevalenceAntimalarialsArtemisininsartenimolpiperaquinePiperazinesPrimaquineQuinolinesAgent-based modellingDihydroartemisinin-piperaquineEffectivenessPrimaquineSeasonal malaria chemopreventionUnder-five children

Identifiers

PMID41689031
PMCPMC12922253

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.