Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41689154›Full record

ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2026

Socio-demographic and economic factors associated with unhealthy food consumption among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Jovinary Adam, Tunu Zablon, Siri Abihudi, Pankras Luoga, Tumaini Nyamhanga

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jovinary AdamDepartment of Development Studies, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. adamjovinary3@yahoo.com.
Tunu ZablonDepartment of Development Studies, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Siri AbihudiInstitute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Pankras LuogaDepartment of Development Studies, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Tumaini NyamhangaDepartment of Development Studies, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe rising consumption of unhealthy foods, characterized by high levels of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, poses significant health risks to women. Urbanization and globalization have shifted dietary patterns, leading many people to opt for processed and fast foods over traditional, nutrient-rich meals. This trend contributes to increased rates of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions, particularly among women of reproductive age.

objectiveTo determine the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with unhealthy food consumption among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.

methodsThe study analyzed secondary data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey. The study included a weighted sample of 15,254 women of reproductive age. The "svy" command in Stata was used to assign the sample weight. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify significant factors associated with unhealthy food consumption, with significance set at a 5% level.

resultsThe overall unhealthy food consumption among women of reproductive was 14% (95% CI: 12.9, 15.2). The study found that women residing in urban areas (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.17, 1.61), women with secondary education (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.36, 2.17), higher education (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.73, 3.31), women from middle quintile (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.73), and rich quintile (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.92, 3.05), married women (AOR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.00), women who listened to radio (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.34), watching television (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.40), having 0-2 children (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.58) were significantly associated with unhealthy food consumption.

conclusionThe study found that overall unhealthy food consumption among women of reproductive age was 14%. This was associated with place of residence, education level, wealth status, listening to radio, watching television and number of children. The study recommends implementation of community-based nutritional education programs focusing on healthy eating habits, particularly targeting urban areas where unhealthy food consumption is higher as well as utilize mass media platforms to disseminate information about healthy dietary habits.

Indexed as

DietEconomic FactorsFeeding BehaviorSocioeconomic FactorsAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFast FoodsFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMiddle AgedSociodemographic FactorsTanzaniaUrban PopulationYoung Adultconsumptionreproductive ageunhealthy foodwomen

Identifiers

PMID41689154
PMCPMC13005542

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.