Evidence mapPaperPMID 41692596Full record

ArticleJournal of applied toxicology : JAT2026

L-Carnitine Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Modulating BAX/BCL2 Apoptotic Signaling and Preserving Podocyte, Endothelial, and Tubular Integrity.

Özlem Türkoglu, Zafer Usta, Kemal Çavdarlı, Simge Garlı, Nur Alp

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Özlem TürkogluDepartment of Radiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-2899
Zafer UstaDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-2349
Kemal ÇavdarlıProDentalia Dental Clinic, Konyaaltı/Antalya, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0318-7234
Simge GarlıLaboratory Animal Production and Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-5212
Nur AlpDepartment of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Isparta Vocational School of Health Services, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-9164

Funding

Süleyman Demirel University 9524
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX), a common chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive drug, is limited by dose-dependent nephrotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. L-carnitine (LCR), a mitochondrial cofactor with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, may counteract these mechanisms. This study aims to determine whether LCR mitigates MTX-induced nephrotoxicity by rebalancing the BAX/BCL2 apoptotic axis and preserving renal compartment integrity (endothelial CD31, tubular cytokeratin, podocyte WT1). Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomized into Control, MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p., Day 5), LCR (200 mg/kg/day, i.p., 10 days), and MTX + LCR groups (n = 6 each). Renal injury was assessed by serum creatinine, urea, BUN, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (CD31, cytokeratin, WT1), and RT-qPCR for BAX/BCL2. MTX impaired renal function, caused vascular hyperemia, hemorrhage, and tubular necrosis, increased CD31, cytokeratin, and BAX and decreased WT1 and BCL2. LCR co-treatment improved biochemical indices, reduced lesions, decreased CD31 and cytokeratin, partially restored WT1 and re-balanced apoptosis (BAX↓, BCL2↑). LCR disrupts oxidative stress, the mitochondrial apoptosis cascade, and preserves endothelial, tubular, and podocyte integrity in MTX nephrotoxicity.

Indexed as

Apoptosisbcl-2-Associated X ProteinCarnitineKidney DiseasesKidney TubulesMethotrexatePodocytesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2AnimalsFemaleKidneyOxidative StressRatsRats, WistarSignal TransductionBax protein, ratbcl-2-Associated X ProteinBcl2 protein, ratCarnitineMethotrexateProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2BAX/BCL2endothelial dysfunctionL‐carnitinemethotrexatemitochondrial apoptosisnephroprotectionnephrotoxicityoxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID41692596
PMCPMC13432696

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.