Evidence mapPaperPMID 41692712Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Exploring sexual health challenges in men with type 2 diabetes-related erectile dysfunction: a qualitative study.

Ali Karimi Rozveh, Ali Afshari, Leila Sayadi, Mohammad Reza Mohajeri Tehrani, Vahid Mehrnoush, Afshin Khazaei

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Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ali Karimi RozvehMedical Surgical department, Nursing & Midwifery School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-5482
Ali AfshariChronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-5869
Leila SayadiNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7613-3051
Mohammad Reza Mohajeri TehraniEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-8452
Vahid MehrnoushDivision of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, University of Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-7713
Afshin KhazaeiDepartment of Prehospital Emergency Medicine, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran. a.khazaei91@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-3419

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease that is frequently associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). This complication adversely affects sexual function, quality of life, marital relationships, and psychological well-being. Despite its high prevalence, sexual health issues remain overlooked, especially with respect to diabetes management. This qualitative study explored sexual health challenges from the perspective of Iranian men with T2DM and ED.

methodsUsing conventional content analysis, semistructured interviews were conducted in 2025 with 19 purposively selected men experiencing T2DM-related ED from Shariati Hospital. Data analysis followed the approach of Graneheim and Lundman. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checking and intercoder reliability (Kappa = 0.82).

resultsThe participants’ average age was 49.8 ± 8.2 years. Most were middle-aged (51.8%), married (89.5%), and had been living with diabetes for less than 10 years (78.9%). Educational and occupational backgrounds varied widely. Qualitative analysis identified the main theme of “silent distress,” which included four categories: (1) Shaming and embarrassment in the disclosure ED: Fear of social disgrace and cultural constraints prevented discussion of the ED; (2) Fragmentation of sexual identity: ED reduced sexual self-confidence, caused feelings of humiliation, and damaged masculine identity. (3) Threat to marital life: Participants worried about spousal rejection and potential relationship breakdown. (4) Inadequate sexual healthcare services: Major barriers include a lack of awareness among patients and physicians about the diabetes-ED connection, the absence of sexual counseling during visits, and a lack of private clinical environments.

conclusionED in men with T2DM causes significant psychosocial distress, creating a cycle of “silent distress.” This situation is worsened by cultural barriers (stigma preventing disclosure), educational gaps (insufficient patient/provider awareness), and structural issues (lack of private counseling). Key solutions include integrating sexual counseling into routine diabetes care; training healthcare teams to address sexual health proactively; establishing confidential clinical environments; and launching public awareness campaigns to reduce stigma. These strategies are essential not only for improving quality of life but also for breaking the cycle of silent distress and possibly enhancing adherence to diabetes treatment.

trial registrationNot applicable.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Erectile DysfunctionSexual HealthAdultHumansInterviews as TopicIranMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchQuality of LifeErectile dysfunctionQualitative researchSexual healthSexual health servicesType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41692712
PMCPMC13011304

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.